/* main.cpp
 */

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

class Book {
	int cost;
	string author;
	int size[2];
public:
	Book(){}; //Default constructor
	Book(int c, string a, int *s);
	~Book() { cout << "destructor" << endl;} //destructor
	Book(const Book&); //copy constructor
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& who, Book& what)
	{
		who << what.author << "  " << what.cost << " " << what.size[0] << " " << what.size[1];
		return who;
	}
};

Book::Book(int c, string a, int *s): cost(c), author(a) 
{size[0] = *s; size[1] = *(s+1);}

// Copy constructor: not needed - just here so you see when it is invoked
Book::Book(const Book& p): cost(p.cost), author(p.author)
{
	size[0] = p.size[0];
	size[1] = p.size[1];
	cout << "Copy Constructor: " << author << ' ' << cost << endl;
}


void moo(Book x) // x is passed by value, i.e. its mode is "in"
{
	int s[] = {1, 2};
	Book y(12, "Poe", s);
	x = y;
	// "destructor" is printed once for deletion of y
        // and once for deletion of x (passed by copying)
}


void foo(Book& x) // x is passed by reference, its mode is "out"
{
	int s[] = {1, 2};
	Book y(15, "Roth", s);
	x = y;
	// "destructor" is printed once for deletion of y
}



int main ()
{
	Book a;  //default constructor - a is with undefined values of cost and author
        int ss[2] = {7, 11};
	Book b(7, "Tolstoy", ss);//default constructor

	a = b; // assignment is componentwise
	cout << a << endl;

	moo(a); //copy constructor
	cout << a << endl;

	foo(a); //parameter is passed by reference
	cout << a << endl;

	//"destructor" is printed out twice, once for a, once for b
	return 0;
}